Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a contagious virus that infects cats. The species-specific virus attacks the immune system and can cause a variety of secondary illnesses. FeLV is a leading cause of death in cats, second only to trauma.
Causes of Feline Leukemia Virus
FeLV is transmitted through direct contact with virus particles. Uninfected cats can contract the virus by coming into contact with bodily secretions from an infected cat. Common ways for infection to occur include sharing litter boxes and food dishes, inhalation of virus particles in the air, fighting, and mutual grooming. It is also possible for pregnant or nursing mothers with FeLV to pass the virus to their kittens.
Symptoms of Feline Leukemia Virus
Cats with FeLV may not display symptoms during the early stages of infection. However, as the infection progresses, symptoms will usually emerge. Please visit your veterinarian immediately if your cat displays any of the following signs or symptoms of FeLV.
- Lethargy
- Weakness
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss
- Anemia
- Fever
- Chronic infections
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Pale gums
Diagnosis of Feline Leukemia Virus
Your veterinarian will assess your pet’s medical history and ask you a series of questions about the onset and severity of their symptoms. They will then perform a thorough physical examination to check for signs of infection.
A simple blood test called an ELISA is commonly used to determine whether the virus is present in the blood. The test is highly sensitive and is useful for detecting early infections. In addition, a second blood test called an IFA may be performed. This blood test is used to detect the progression of FeLV infection. Please be aware that multiple tests may be required to reach a definitive diagnosis of FeLV.
Treatment of Feline Leukemia Virus
Unfortunately, there is no known cure for FeLV. For this reason, treatment will focus on supportive care. If your cat is severely dehydrated, a period of hospitalization may be necessary to stabilize their condition and administer intravenous fluid therapy. However, most cats with FeLV can be treated on an out-patient basis.
Your veterinarian may prescribe antibiotics or other medications to treat secondary infections. Blood transfusions or chemotherapy may also be recommended in severe cases.
Prevention of Feline Leukemia Virus
The best way to protect your cat is by vaccinating them against FeLV. Although the FeLV vaccine is a non-core vaccine, it is highly recommended for cats that are at high risk of contracting the virus.
The FeLV vaccine is typically given in a combination vaccine that also protects against other diseases. Please consult with your veterinarian to discuss whether vaccination is appropriate for your cat. Finally, we recommend scheduling regular checkups with your veterinarian so your cat’s health can be continuously monitored throughout their lifetime.
