E. coli (Escherichia coli) bacteria is found in the gastrointestinal tract of most mammals, including dogs, cats, and humans. E. coli infection (colibacillosis) occurs when there are elevated levels of E. coli bacteria in the body. When this happens, humans and animals can develop serious and potentially life-threatening symptoms.
Causes of E. Coli Infection
There are many strains of E. coli bacteria, and infection can occur in a number of ways. Just as in humans, animals can become infected by consuming contaminated food or water. Exposure to infected animals or their feces can also lead to E. coli infection. In addition, nursing mothers can spread the infection to their offspring.
Pets with underdeveloped or compromised immune systems are particularly prone to E. coli infection. For this reason, it is often seen in younger or older animals. Other risk factors include exposure to unsanitary environments and sharing items such as food and water bowls.
Symptoms of E. Coli Infection
Please visit your veterinarian immediately if your pet displays any of the following signs or symptoms of E. coli infection.
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Dehydration
- Weakness
- Lethargy
- Depression
- Urinary tract infections
- Fever
Diagnosis of E. Coli Infection
Your veterinarian will assess your pet’s medical history and ask you a series of questions about the onset of their symptoms. They will then perform a complete physical examination to evaluate your pet’s overall health and check for signs of infection.
Diagnostic tests will be performed to check for the presence of E. coli bacteria and rule out other underlying health conditions. These tests may include a urinalysis, bloodwork, fecal examination, and bacterial cultures.
Treatment of E. Coli Infection
Treatment of E. coli infection will depend on the severity of your pet’s symptoms. In some cases, hospitalization will be necessary to stabilize and monitor your pet. During this time, fluid therapy and glucose supplements may be administered to restore fluids and regulate blood sugar levels. Antibiotics will also be given to treat E. coli infection.
In less severe cases, pets will be treated with a course of antibiotics on an outpatient basis. Please follow your veterinarian’s treatment advice closely and administer all medications as instructed.
Prevention of E. Coli Infection
There are several steps you can take to minimize the risk of E. coli infection. Always feed a high-quality, balanced diet and practice good hygiene when handling your pet’s food. It is also important to provide plenty of fresh drinking water and discourage your pet from drinking from puddles or standing water.
Make sure to keep your pet’s environment as clean as possible, and do not allow access to feces from other animals. Finally, please schedule regular appointments with your veterinarian so your pet’s overall health can be continuously monitored.
