Ear infections are a common canine health problem that can cause pain and discomfort. In many dogs, the condition can become chronic, affecting one or both of the ears. While it’s true that dogs are prone to developing ear infections, most canine ear infections respond well to treatment.
Causes of Ear Infections
One of the reasons dogs are susceptible to ear infections is the shape of their ear canal. Unlike a human’s which is horizontal, a dog’s ear canal is mostly vertical. This means that fluid and debris can become trapped in the ear. Here are some of the most common causes of ear infections in dogs:
- Bacteria and yeast
- Ear mites
- Allergies
- Thyroid disorders
- Excess moisture
- Wax buildup
Symptoms of Ear Infections
Most of the symptoms of ear infections in dogs are easy to detect. If you notice any of the following signs, it’s time to take your dog to the veterinarian:
- Foul odor
- Head shaking or tilting
- Scratching of the ears
- Inflammation and swelling
- Discharge from the ears
- Scabs or crusts around the ear
Diagnosis of Ear Infections
If you notice any of the signs of an ear infection, do not attempt to treat the problem at home. Instead, visit your veterinarian as soon as possible. Ear infections can spread from the outer to the inner ear and worsen if not properly treated.
Your veterinarian will diagnose an ear infection by examining your dog’s ears. A tool called an otoscope can be used to examine the ear canal for signs of infection or damage. If your dog is in a lot of pain sedation may be required.
Depending on the initial examination, your veterinarian may decide on other diagnostic procedures such as microscopic examination of ear debris, ear tissue cultures, or X-rays.
Treatment of Ear Infections
If an ear infection is diagnosed, your veterinarian will clean your dog’s ears thoroughly in preparation for appropriate treatment. This is often performed under anesthetic as your dog’s ears are likely to be very painful.
Your veterinarian will then prescribe a topical medication or antibiotics to be administered at home. Painkillers may also be prescribed, as well as steroids to reduce inflammation.
Prevention of Ear Infections
The best way to prevent ear infections is to monitor your dog closely for early signs of inflammation, odor, or discharge around the ears. Keep your dog’s hair trimmed around the outer ear canal if necessary, this will prevent the buildup of debris and make it easier to spot abnormalities.
Regular cleaning of your dog’s ears will also help prevent infection. Ask your veterinarian for advice if you are unsure about the correct way to clean your dog’s ears.
After cleaning the ears, always dry them thoroughly to prevent a buildup of moisture in the ear canals. Drying the ears properly is also important anytime your dog comes into contact with water. Never insert cotton swabs into your dog’s ears as they can damage the delicate inner ear.
