Glaucoma is a condition in which fluid pressure builds up in the eye. This can lead to serious eye damage and even blindness. Although seen in both animals, the condition is more common in dogs than cats. It is important to be aware of the symptoms of glaucoma so that pets can be diagnosed and treated before extensive eye damage develops.
Causes of Glaucoma
Glaucoma is primarily caused by inadequate fluid drainage within the eye. There are two forms of glaucoma in pets: primary and secondary.
Pets with primary glaucoma have inherited anatomical abnormalities which cause improper drainage within the eye. By comparison, secondary glaucoma is caused by a separate condition which impacts the flow of eye fluids. Possible underlying causes of secondary glaucoma include eye trauma, tumors, infection, lens dislocation, and inflammation.
Certain breeds of cats and dogs have been shown to be susceptible to glaucoma. These include Siamese, Persian, and Burmese cats, poodles, and Siberian Huskies.
Symptoms of Glaucoma
Symptoms of glaucoma can develop suddenly or over an extended period of time. The condition can also affect one or both eyes. Please visit your veterinarian immediately if your pet displays any of the following signs and symptoms of glaucoma.
- Eye pain
- Redness and inflammation of the eyes
- Squinting
- Excessive tearing
- Sensitivity to light
- Bloodshot eyes
- Cloudy eyes
- Partial or complete blindness
Diagnosis of Glaucoma
Your veterinarian will ask you a series of questions about the onset and severity of your pet’s symptoms. They will then examine your pet’s eyes to check for clinical signs of glaucoma.
The principal diagnostic test for glaucoma is a procedure known as tonometry. During this test, your veterinarian will use a piece of equipment known as a tonometer to measure the pressure within your pet’s eyes. Other tests such as X-rays and ultrasounds may also be performed to check for eye abnormalities.
Treatment of Glaucoma
The aim of treatment for glaucoma is to control the flow of fluids and reduce pressure within the eye. Your veterinarian will prescribe topical or oral medications to achieve this aim. Analgesics are also routinely prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation.
In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to reduce eye pressure. Your veterinarian may also recommend other types of treatment to address the underlying cause of the condition.
Prevention of Glaucoma
Unfortunately, glaucoma is difficult to prevent. However, the prognosis for most pets is very promising if the condition is treated early. Please schedule regular veterinary health checkups and visit your veterinarian if your pet displays any potential signs of glaucoma.
