Mast cells are a type of cell that are found in tissues throughout the body. They are particularly numerous in the skin, gastrointestinal tract, and organs such as the lungs and liver.
Mast cells are an important part of an animal’s immune system and help protect against allergens and inflammation. Mast cell tumors occur when there is a mutation of these cells. They are usually malignant (cancerous) and can develop in both dogs and cats.
Causes of Mast Cell Tumors
Mast cell tumors are caused by a mutation that leads to abnormal growth and reproduction of mast cells. The underlying cause of this mutation is unknown, but it is thought that environmental and genetic factors may play a role in the development of mast cell tumors.
Symptoms of Mast Cell Tumors
The most common symptom of a mast cell tumor is a lump on or under the skin. Tumors can vary widely in size and appearance; from small, firm lumps to large, soft masses. If you notice any new lumps or bumps on your pet, please take them to your veterinarian for a checkup as soon as possible.
Diagnosis of Mast Cell Tumors
Your veterinarian will look at your pet’s medical history and perform a thorough physical examination. Because mast cell tumors can appear very similar to benign (noncancerous) tumors, it will be necessary to microscopically analyze a sample of the tumor to check for malignancy.
Your veterinarian may choose to perform a fine needle aspiration or surgical tissue biopsy to obtain the samples needed to diagnose your pet.
Treatment of Mast Cell Tumors
Treatment of mast cell tumors will depend on factors including their severity, size, and location. Usually, tumors will be surgically removed to prevent them from developing and spreading to other parts of the body. It may also be necessary to remove areas of tissue surrounding tumors.
Following surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be recommended to ensure that no cancerous cells remain. Your veterinarian may also prescribe medications such as antihistamines, steroids, and anti-inflammatories to assist your pet’s recovery.
Prevention of Mast Cell Tumors
Mast cell tumors are not considered preventable since their cause is unknown. The best way to protect your pet against serious conditions such as mast cell tumors is to feed a healthy, balanced diet and provide plenty of exercise to support their overall health. It’s also important to visit your veterinarian as soon as you notice symptoms, as early treatment will give your pet the best chance of recovery.
