Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly contagious and often fatal disease that affects dogs. Unvaccinated dogs of any age can contract CPV, although younger dogs are most susceptible to the condition.
Causes of Canine Parvovirus
Canine parvovirus targets the gastrointestinal and cardiovascular systems in dogs. The virus is spread through direct contact with infected dogs or their feces. It can also be transmitted through contact with contaminated items such as toys, bedding, or food and water dishes.
Canine parvovirus can survive for long periods of time in the environment and is resistant to many cleaning products and disinfectants. It is known to spread rapidly in dog parks, boarding facilities, or other areas where large numbers of dogs are in close contact.
Symptoms of Canine Parvovirus
Please visit your veterinarian immediately if your dog displays any of the following signs or symptoms of canine parvovirus.
- Vomiting
- Bloody diarrhea
- Lethargy
- Weakness
- Loss of appetite
- Fever
- Abdominal pain
- Dehydration
- Weight loss
Diagnosis of Canine Parvovirus
Your veterinarian will assess your dog’s medical history and ask you a series of questions about the onset and severity of their symptoms. They will then perform a thorough physical examination to check for clinical signs of canine parvovirus.
Routine diagnostic tests will be carried out to assess your dog’s overall health and rule out other underlying causes of their symptoms. These may include a urinalysis, bloodwork, a fecal examination, and abdominal X-rays or ultrasounds. In some cases, a presumptive diagnosis will be made based on low white blood cell levels or other clinical signs. In order to confirm a diagnosis of canine parvovirus, laboratory tests will need to be performed on blood or feces.
Treatment of Canine Parvovirus
Unfortunately, there is no known cure for canine parvovirus. For this reason, treatment will focus on supportive care. Most dogs with canine parvovirus will need to be hospitalized for stabilization and monitoring. Intravenous fluid therapy will usually be given, along with medications to minimize symptoms and prevent secondary infections. Your veterinarian will recommend appropriate treatment options based on your dog’s overall health and the severity of their symptoms.
Prevention of Canine Parvovirus
Since canine parvovirus is highly contagious, it can be difficult to prevent your dog from coming into contact with it. The best way to protect your pet is by vaccinating them against canine parvovirus. For this reason, the CPV vaccine is considered a core vaccine that should be administered to puppies and kept up to date with boosters throughout a dog’s lifetime.
The CPV vaccine is typically given in a combination vaccine that also protects your dog from other diseases. Please consult with your veterinarian to discuss vaccination options to protect your pet.
