The cruciate ligaments are two fibrous bands located within the knee joint. Their role is to connect and stabilize the femur and tibia (the bones directly above and below the knee joint). Cruciate ligament rupture occurs when the ligaments fully or partially tear. This painful condition can cause mobility issues and degeneration of the knee joint.
Causes of Cruciate Ligament Rupture
The most common cause of cruciate ligament rupture is trauma to the knee joint. Older pets are particularly susceptible to the condition as the cruciate ligaments can weaken with age. However, pets of all ages can rupture their cruciate ligaments as a result of accident or injury. Other risk factors for cruciate ligament rupture include obesity, arthritis, and breed predisposition.
Symptoms of Cruciate Ligament Rupture
Please visit your veterinarian immediately if your pet displays any of the following signs or symptoms of cruciate ligament rupture.
- Limping
- Lameness
- Pain
- Swelling
- Exercise intolerance
- Stiffness in the hind legs
- Unsteady gait
Diagnosis of Cruciate Ligament Rupture
Your veterinarian will assess your pet’s medical history and ask you a series of questions about the onset and severity of their symptoms. They will then perform a complete physical examination to check for clinical signs of cruciate ligament rupture such as swelling of the hind legs.
During the physical examination, your veterinarian will palpate your pet’s knee joint and perform a procedure known as a cranial drawer test. This involves manipulating the joint to check whether the ligament is torn. If your pet is in a lot of pain, it may be necessary to sedate them prior to the examination.
Depending on the results of these tests, your veterinarian may recommend imaging techniques as X-rays or MRI scans to visualize the joint. Arthroscopy is another procedure that can be useful for diagnosing cruciate ligament rupture. To perform the procedure, your veterinarian will make a small incision in your pet’s knee joint and insert an arthroscope with a tiny camera into the interior of the joint.
Treatment of Cruciate Ligament Rupture
Treatment of cruciate ligament rupture will depend on the severity of the condition. In some cases, medications such as analgesics and anti-inflammatories will be prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation. Physical therapy and weight management may also be recommended to help minimize your pet’s symptoms.
If cruciate ligament rupture is more severe, pets will usually require surgery to repair or replace torn ligaments. Your veterinarian will recommend appropriate treatment options based on factors including your pet’s size, condition, and overall health. Please follow all treatment advice closely and administer prescribed medications as instructed.
Prevention of Cruciate Ligament Rupture
We recommend feeding a healthy, balanced diet and providing regular exercise to manage your pet’s weight and minimize the risk of cruciate ligament rupture. It is also important to supervise your pet and discourage behaviors that can lead to injury such as jumping on and off furniture. Finally, please schedule regular appointments with your veterinarian so your pet’s overall health can be continuously monitored.
