Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a condition in which the heart muscle becomes enlarged and weakened. This causes the heart to pump blood ineffectively. It is most common in certain large breeds of dog, but cats and smaller dog breeds can also be affected.
Causes of Dilated Cardiomyopathy
DCM is primarily seen in certain large and giant breeds of dog, including Doberman pinschers, boxers, Great Danes, and Irish wolfhounds. For this reason, genetic factors are thought to play a large role in the development of the disease. In rare cases, DCM has been linked to toxins, medications, and infection. Deficiency of amino acids such as taurine and carnitine can also contribute to the development of DCM.
Symptoms of Dilated Cardiomyopathy
DCM can be sudden or progressive in onset. However, many pets do not develop symptoms until the disease is well advanced. Please visit your veterinarian immediately if your pet displays any of the following signs or symptoms of DCM.
- Exercise intolerance
- Excessive panting
- Respiratory problems
- Lethargy
- Weakness
- Weight loss
- Abdominal swelling
- Collapse
Diagnosis of Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Your veterinarian will assess your pet’s medical history and ask you a series of questions about the onset and severity of their symptoms. They will then perform a thorough physical examination. This will include the use of a stethoscope to check for abnormalities such as irregular heart rhythm.
Other diagnostic tests may include bloodwork and a urinalysis to evaluate your pet’s overall health and check organ function. Imaging techniques such as chest X-rays, ultrasounds, and an electrocardiogram will also be used to check for abnormalities of the heart. In addition, your veterinarian may recommend other specialized tests to help reach a diagnosis of DCM. In some cases, a Holter monitor will be used to analyze electrical activity in your pet’s heart. This device is usually worn for a period of 24 hours to provide your veterinarian with data about your pet’s heart.
Treatment of Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Unfortunately, there is no known cure for DCM in pets. For this reason, treatment of the condition will focus on improving the function of the heart and slowing the progression of the disease. A period of hospitalization will usually be required to stabilize your pet and administer medication.
Following initial treatment, your veterinarian may prescribe medications including vasodilators to dilate the arteries in the heart, and drugs to regulate heartbeat. Supplementation with amino acids such as taurine may also be recommended to manage DCM. The prognosis for pets with DCM is variable and will depend on factors including age and the progression of the disease. Please follow your veterinarian’s treatment advice closely and administer all medications as instructed.
Prevention of Dilated Cardiomyopathy
DCM is a serious and progressive disease that is not considered preventable in most cases. However, it is important to feed a healthy, balanced diet to prevent nutritional deficiencies that may contribute to the condition. Please schedule regular checkups with your veterinarian to monitor your pet’s ongoing health. The prognosis for pets with DCM is improved if the condition is diagnosed and treated in its early stages.
