Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a viral disease that affects the immune system of cats. Although FIV is specific to cats, it is similar to the HIV virus in humans.
Causes of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
FIV attacks and weakens the immune system, causing cats with the disease to gradually decline in health as the virus replicates. FIV is present in the saliva of an infected animal and is usually spread through bite wounds.
Outdoor cats are most susceptible to the disease, especially if they are known to fight with other cats. In rare cases, FIV can be spread through direct contact with an infected animal. It is also possible for pregnant or nursing mothers with FIV to pass the disease to their offspring.
Symptoms of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
FIV can lay dormant in the body for long periods of time without causing symptoms. For this reason, cats in the early stages of the disease may be asymptomatic. As FIV progresses, symptoms of the disease will usually emerge. Please visit your veterinarian immediately if your cat displays any of the following signs or symptoms of FIV.
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Fever
- Weight loss
- Lethargy
- Recurrent illness
- Pale gums
- Enlarged lymph nodes
- Discharge from the eyes or nose
- Chronic skin infections
Diagnosis of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
Your veterinarian will assess your cat’s medical history and ask you a series of questions about the onset and severity of their symptoms. They will then perform a complete physical examination to check for clinical signs of FIV.
Diagnostic tests will include bloodwork and a urinalysis to rule out other potential causes of your cat’s symptoms. To confirm a diagnosis of FIV, blood tests will be carried out to check for the presence of antibodies to the virus.
Treatment of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
Unfortunately, there is no known cure for FIV. For this reason, treatment will focus on supportive care. If your cat is severely dehydrated, a period of hospitalization may be necessary to stabilize their condition and administer intravenous fluid therapy. However, most cats with FIV can be treated on an outpatient basis.
Common treatments for FIV include medications such as antibiotics and anti-inflammatories to treat secondary infections and minimize symptoms of the disease. Your veterinarian may also recommend a specialized diet to support your cat’s overall health.
It will be necessary to schedule regular follow up appointments with your veterinarian to monitor your cat’s condition. Please follow all treatment advice closely and administer prescribed medications as instructed.
Prevention of Feline Immunodeficiency Virus
The best way to protect your pet against FIV is by preventing contact with infected cats. We also recommend speaking to your veterinarian about vaccinating your cat against FIV. This is particularly important if your cat is at high risk of contracting the disease. Finally, please schedule regular appointments with your veterinarian so your cat can be screened for FIV.
