Hypertension is the medical name for abnormally high blood pressure. The condition occurs when blood pressure within the arteries places excessive stress on the artery walls. Just as in humans, hypertension in pets can lead to serious and potentially life-threatening symptoms.
Causes of Hypertension
There are two types of hypertension: primary and secondary. Primary hypertension is idiopathic, this means that it has no identifiable cause. Secondary hypertension is far more common in pets and is caused by an underlying disease. Causes of secondary hypertension include kidney disease, heart disease, hyperthyroidism, and diabetes. Secondary hypertension has also been linked with obesity in pets.
Symptoms of Hypertension
Please visit your veterinarian immediately if your pet displays any of the following signs or symptoms of hypertension.
- Blood in the urine
- Dilated pupils
- Sudden blindness
- Seizures
- Loss of appetite
- Lethargy
- Disorientation
- Weakness
- Polydipsia (increased thirst)
- Polyuria (increased urination)
- Vomiting
- Weight loss
Diagnosis of Hypertension
Your veterinarian will assess your pet’s medical history and ask you a series of questions about the onset and severity of their symptoms. They will then perform a thorough physical examination to check for clinical signs of hypertension.
A blood pressure test will be used to measure pressure in your pet’s arteries. Blood pressure readings have two numbers. The first number is the systolic blood pressure, this is the amount of pressure in the arteries when the heart is beating. The second number is the diastolic blood pressure, this represents the amount of pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes between beats. The results of the test will reveal whether your pet’s blood pressure levels are elevated or within normal ranges.
In addition to a blood pressure test, your veterinarian may carry out routine blood tests and a urinalysis to help determine the underlying cause of hypertension. X-rays, ultrasounds, or other specialized tests may also be performed as part of the diagnostic process.
Treatment of Hypertension
Treatment of hypertension will depend on its underlying cause. Potential treatments include medications and dietary changes to manage symptoms of underlying conditions such as hyperthyroidism, diabetes, and kidney disease.
Specialized diets and anti-hypertensive medications may also be prescribed to help lower your pet’s blood pressure. Your veterinarian will recommend appropriate treatment options based on your pet’s specific needs. Please follow all treatment advice closely and administer prescribed medications as instructed.
Prevention of Hypertension
Hypertension in pets can be difficult to prevent, since it is often idiopathic or caused by an underlying disease. We recommend feeding a healthy, balanced diet and providing plenty of exercise to manage your pet’s weight. It’s also important to schedule regular checkups with your veterinarian to monitor your pet’s overall health.
