Hypothyroidism is a disorder in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones. It is common in dogs, but very rarely affects cats. Medium and large dogs are most susceptible to developing hypothyroidism, and certain breeds of dog including Doberman pinschers, cocker spaniels, and golden retrievers appear to be predisposed.
Hypothyroidism is characterized by a slowing down of the metabolism. This can lead to a range of symptoms which can seriously damage your pet’s health. Fortunately, the condition is easily treatable, and the prognosis for most pets that receive treatment is very good.
Causes of Hypothyroidism
The majority of cases of hypothyroidism are caused by the destruction of the thyroid gland. This usually occurs as a result of one of two diseases: lymphocytic thyroiditis or idiopathic thyroid gland atrophy.
Lymphocytic thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease and the most common cause of hypothyroidism in pets. Idiopathic thyroid gland atrophy is a disease in which thyroid tissue is replaced with fat. Unfortunately, the cause of these diseases is not fully understood. In rare cases, thyroid cancer is also thought to contribute to the development of hypothyroidism.
Symptoms of Hypothyroidism
Symptoms of hypothyroidism can be quite subtle or mirror those of other illnesses. Please visit your veterinarian as soon as possible if your pet displays any of the following potential signs and symptoms of the condition so they can be correctly diagnosed and treated.
- Weight gain
- Obesity
- Lethargy
- Skin and coat problems
- Intolerance to cold
- Susceptibility to infection
- Muscle loss
- Slowed heart rate
Diagnosis of Hypothyroidism
Your veterinarian will assess your pet’s medical history and perform a complete physical examination to check for clinical signs of hypothyroidism. Diagnostic tests such as bloodwork and a urinalysis will be ordered to evaluate your pet’s overall health and rule out other causes of their symptoms.
If hypothyroidism is suspected, a total thyroxine (TT4) test will be used to measure levels of thyroid hormones in your pet’s blood. Low levels of these hormones will usually indicate that your pet has hypothyroidism. Your veterinarian may also recommend other tests to confirm a diagnosis of the condition.
Treatment of Hypothyroidism
Thyroid hormone supplementation is the standard method of treatment for hypothyroidism. Your veterinarian will prescribe oral supplements to replace the hormones your pet’s body cannot produce. Correct dosages of these medications will be calculated based on your pet’s weight and thyroid hormone levels.
Since hypothyroidism is not a curable disease, your pet will require lifelong medication to manage their condition. In addition, they will need to be carefully monitored and dosages of medication may need to be adjusted periodically. Please follow all treatment advice closely to help stabilize your pet’s condition.
Prevention of Hypothyroidism
There is no known way to prevent hypothyroidism since the cause of the condition is not fully understood. The best way to protect your pet is by scheduling regular health checkups with your veterinarian.
