Lice are tiny parasitic insects that live on the surface of the skin. Some types of lice feed by chewing on the skin, while others suck an animal’s blood. When lice infestation (pediculosis) occurs, cats and dogs can develop painful and uncomfortable symptoms. In severe cases, lice infestation can also lead to serious illness in pets.
Causes of Lice
Lice are species-specific parasites, this means that they cannot be transmitted between species. Two types of lice affect dogs: Trichodectes canis and Linognathus setosus. Trichodectes canis is a type of chewing louse that feeds on a dog’s skin, while Linognathus setosus is a sucking louse that feeds on blood. Only one type of louse (Felicola subrostrata, a chewing louse) affects cats.
Lice can be transmitted through direct contact with an infected animal of the same species. They can also be spread through contact with contaminated objects such as bedding or grooming tools. The parasites are often prevalent in animal shelters, boarding facilities, and other places where animals are in close contact. Pets with compromised immune systems and those that live in unsanitary environments are particularly susceptible to contracting lice.
Symptoms of Lice
Please visit your veterinarian immediately if your pet displays any of the following signs or symptoms of lice infestation.
- Dandruff-like specks that cling to the hair
- Itchiness and skin irritation
- Excessive scratching
- Dry coat
- Bald patches
- Weight loss
- Lethargy
- Anemia
- Tapeworms
Diagnosis of Lice
Your veterinarian will assess your pet’s medical history and ask you a series of questions about the onset of their symptoms. They will then perform a thorough physical examination to check for signs or symptoms of lice. Diagnosis will usually be based on visual identification of lice or their eggs. Skin samples may also be microscopically examined to identify the specific type of lice.
Treatment of Lice
Lice infestation is routinely treated with topical insecticides such as shampoos, sprays, and spot-on treatments. It may be necessary to shave your pet’s fur before administering topical medications.
Repeat treatments are often needed to kill lice at all life stages. It is also important to wash and disinfect bedding, furniture, grooming tools, and other objects that may be contaminated with lice. Please follow your veterinarian’s treatment advice closely and administer all medications as instructed.
Prevention of Lice
There are several steps you can take to minimize the risk of your pet contracting lice. Keep your pet’s environment clean and hygienic, wash their bedding regularly, and sanitize all grooming tools after use. We also recommend feeding a healthy, balanced diet to support your pet’s immune system. Finally, please speak to your veterinarian about monthly pest preventatives to protect your pet.
