Osteosarcoma is an aggressive form of bone cancer. Pets with the condition develop malignant tumors that can metastasize (spread) throughout the body. Although treatment options are available for osteosarcoma, the condition is incurable and often fatal.
Causes of Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma is most often seen in large and giant breeds of dog, including Irish wolfhounds, Great Danes, Rottweilers, and Saint Bernards. Although the condition can occur at any age, older pets are primarily affected.
The cause of osteosarcoma is not fully understood, but it is thought that environmental and genetic factors play a role in its development. Other potential risk factors include bone injuries and exposure to carcinogens.
Symptoms of Osteosarcoma
Although signs of osteosarcoma can be subtle in the early stages of the disease, pets can develop debilitating symptoms as the condition progresses. Please visit your veterinarian immediately if your pet displays any of the following signs or symptoms of osteosarcoma.
- Lameness
- Joint pain
- Swelling
- Loss of appetite
- Lethargy
- Weakness
- Exercise intolerance
- Fractures
Diagnosis of Osteosarcoma
Your veterinarian will evaluate your pet’s medical history and ask you a series of questions about the onset and severity of their symptoms. They will then perform a thorough physical examination to check for clinical signs of osteosarcoma.
Routine diagnostic tests such as blood tests and a urinalysis will be carried out to assess your pet’s overall health and rule out other causes of their symptoms. In addition, imaging techniques such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI scans may be used to check for changes in the appearance of your pet’s bones.
In order to confirm a diagnosis of osteosarcoma, your veterinarian may perform specialized tests such as histopathology (tissue examination) and bone biopsies.
Treatment of Osteosarcoma
Unfortunately, there is no known cure for osteosarcoma and the long-term prognosis for most pets with the condition is poor. For this reason, treatment will focus on minimizing your pet’s symptoms and improving their overall quality of life.
One of the most common treatments for osteosarcoma is limb amputation. Although this may sound drastic, many pets adapt surprisingly well to the procedure and experience a marked reduction in pain. Other treatment options include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and drug therapy to relieve pain. Your veterinarian will discuss appropriate treatment options based on the progression of the disease and your pet’s overall health.
Prevention of Osteosarcoma
Since the cause of osteosarcoma is not fully understood, there is no known way to prevent the condition. Please remember to schedule regular appointments with your veterinarian so your pet’s health can be monitored throughout their lifetime.
