Inappropriate elimination is a common feline behavioral problem that can be messy and frustrating to deal with. But understanding the reasons behind your cat’s behavior can help you to prevent it.
The reasons for cats not using their litter box can be broken down into three main categories: territorial marking, medical issues, and environmental problems. In this fact sheet, we’ll take a closer look at each of these categories and provide some practical tips to help you prevent inappropriate elimination.
Territorial Marking
Urine spraying is a form of communication that cats use to mark their territory. If you notice urine outside the litter box, it’s important to determine whether your cat is spraying or urinating. This will help you to address the underlying reason for their behavior.
When spraying, cats usually direct a stream of urine onto a vertical surface. To urinate, a cat will squat and deposit a larger volume of urine onto a horizontal surface. The best way to distinguish between spraying and urinating is to monitor your cat closely and catch them in the act.
If your cat is spraying, please visit your veterinarian to rule out underlying medical problems. If the cause of spraying is not a medical issue, your veterinarian will advise you on methods for preventing the behavior. These may include the use of synthetic pheromones and neutering or spaying of intact cats.
Medical Issues
Certain medical issues can cause your cat to eliminate outside their litter box. These include urinary tract infections (UTIs), bladder diseases, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, and diseases of the liver and kidneys. Cognitive decline and mobility problems in older cats can also lead to inappropriate elimination.
Please visit your veterinarian if your cat eliminates outside their litter box. Diagnostic tests such as a urinalysis and bloodwork will be used to confirm or rule out medical issues that may be contributing to the problem. If an underlying health condition is diagnosed, your veterinarian will discuss treatment options to address the issue.
Environmental Problems
If your veterinarian has ruled out territorial marking or medical problems, the cause of inappropriate elimination is related to your cat’s environment. The following problems are commonly associated with cats not using their litter box.
Stress or Anxiety
If your cat is eliminating outside their litter box, consider whether they may be stressed or anxious. Common causes for stress and anxiety-related litter box avoidance include new pets or family members, moving house, and other changes in routine.
Type of Litter Box
Cats may avoid using their litter box because they’ve developed an aversion to it. Some cats will prefer enclosed boxes that offer privacy and protection, while others will favor an open litter box that’s wider and more spacious.
Type of Litter
If you’ve recently changed the type of litter you use, it may be causing litter box problems. Most cats prefer unscented litter that has a fine consistency, but it may be worth experimenting with other types of litter such as shredded paper or pellets.
Location
The location of your cat’s litter box may be contributing to inappropriate elimination. If it’s in a busy area of the house, try moving it to a quiet corner away from noise and activity. This can help your cat feel more secure when using it.
Hygiene
Many cats like a clean litter box, and will avoid using it if it’s heavily soiled. Make sure to empty and clean your cat’s litter box regularly to prevent inappropriate elimination caused by poor hygiene.
Conflict with Other Cats
If you live in a multi-cat household, a conflict between cats may be the cause of inappropriate elimination. Make sure all cats have their own litter box and position them in different areas of the house. It’s also a good idea to provide an extra box in case a cat develops an aversion to one of the litter boxes.
What If Litter Box Problems Persist?
Please be aware that there are many potential reasons for inappropriate elimination. In some cases, it may be necessary to retrain your cat to use the litter box if the cause of the issue is behavioral. If problems persist, please visit your veterinarian for further advice and information.
