Gingival hyperplasia is a condition in which the tissue of the gums becomes enlarged and inflamed. It is rare in cats, but relatively common in dogs. Certain breeds of dog such as Boxers and Bulldogs are predisposed to developing the condition.
If left untreated, gingival hyperplasia can lead to periodontal (gum) disease, an infection of the mouth which can cause symptoms including tissue destruction and loose teeth.
Causes of Gingival Hyperplasia
The cause of gingival hyperplasia is not fully understood, but it is thought to be linked to genetic factors. The condition develops in response to a buildup of bacteria and plaque along the gum line.
Certain medications which suppress the immune system have also been associated with gingival hyperplasia. These include cyclosporine, an immunosuppressive drug which is used to treat allergies and some types of autoimmune disease.
Corticosteroids such as prednisone which are used to treat inflammation and calcium channel blockers prescribed for the treatment of a cardiovascular disease also trigger the condition.
Symptoms of Gingival Hyperplasia
Please visit your veterinarian if your pet displays any of the following signs and symptoms of gingival hyperplasia.
- Swelling and inflammation of the gums
- Redness of the gums
- Thickening of the gums
- Gum growth which covers the teeth
- Excessive drooling
- Bleeding from the mouth
- Pockets on the gums
Diagnosis of Gingival Hyperplasia
A physical examination of the mouth and gums is usually sufficient for diagnosing gingival hyperplasia. Your veterinarian may also perform a tissue biopsy to rule out oral cancer and X-rays to eliminate other causes of the condition.
Treatment of Gingival Hyperplasia
Treatment of gingival hyperplasia will aim to address its underlying cause. Depending on the severity of the condition, it may also be necessary to surgically remove excess tissue from the gums.
Your veterinarian may choose to change medications your pet has previously been prescribed if they are thought to have triggered the condition. If your pet requires surgery, a gingivoplasty will usually be recommended. This procedure involves removing excess tissue and reshaping the gums while your pet is under general anesthesia.
Other methods of treatment for gingival hyperplasia include dental cleaning and administering of antibiotics to clear up the infection and reduce inflammation. Your veterinarian may also prescribe analgesics to manage your pet’s pain. It is important to follow all treatment advice closely to aid your pet’s recovery. Avoid hard foods and toys during recovery to avoid prolonging the healing process.
Prevention of Gingival Hyperplasia
Please schedule regular dental cleanings with your veterinarian to maintain your pet’s oral health. In addition, it’s important to brush your pet’s teeth regularly using a toothbrush and toothpaste that are designed for pets. Chew toys and dental treats can also be useful for preventing plaque and tartar buildup. Ask your veterinarian if you need advice about taking care of your pet’s teeth and gums
